Lena, too, was born in the year of the Tiger, and Ying-ying hopes Chwun Yu - spring rain Canning Woo is Suyuan Woo's second husband and Jing-mei Woo's father. Whether Lena will learn from her mothers mistakes is unclear. 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. He is a fat man who lives in great Western luxury and treats his wives badly, especially An-mei Hsu's Mother. List two reasons Jing-Mei feels humiliated at the dinner. In a vain attempt to realign the family's luck, she rearranges the furniture. As partners, they share in a firm's liability, which means that if the firm is sued, for instance, they all are responsible for the costs. Why does Ying-ying refer to the small bedroom table as Chunwang chihan? - A rich merchant of Tientsin, who tricks An-mei Hsu's Mother into becoming his Fourth Wife. To prevent Lena from going into the basement again, her mother told her that a bad man lived down there. superstitions and fatalism, for it is a belief not in the inevitability For the mothers, it is permanent and not always based on love. Why is June uncomfortable at the Hsus' house? Because she believed that she was destined to marry a vulgar family friend, she did nothing Teresa is young Lena St. Clair's teenage next-door neighbor who is always fighting with her mother. 2. WebLena St. Clair's story, "The Voice from the Wall" Lena is the only daughter who feels the need to save her mother, who is the only mother who has lost her sense of identity. She sees a list of things to buy, her checkbook out of balance, her ashtray sitting crooked on a straight table. You can view our. She is married to Harold Livotny, To mark his success, he moves the family across the bay to San Francisco, where they take an apartment at the top of a steep hill. Luke Hsu is the son of An-mei Hsu and one of Rose Hsu Jordan's younger brothers. Shoshana Chen is Waverly Jong's daughter by her first husband, Marvin Chen. "The Joy Luck Club Study Guide." In the beginning of the section, she cautions Lena that the bad man in the basement will "plant five babies in her" and then devour her. 4. A peasant woman who found and raised Jing-mei's long-lost sisters. If you continue to cry then your life will always be sad. As an adult, she believes in nengkan, the power to do anything one sets one's mind to. After her mothers death, Ellen did not really have any family left as her family members continued to pass away. Associates are salaried employees. However, Ellen learned to tend to adult responsibilities at a very young age. How does the First Yet Harold refuses to recognize her contributions. In contrast her mother and father have a strong sense self-confidence, which Tan calls nengkan, or the ability to do anything they set their minds to. She is named after the street where she grew up, Waverly Place. Lenas marriage is best symbolized bya balance sheet. Though her father is overjoyed at the news, Lena hears, Driving back to their new house, Lenas husband Harold gets annoyed by, that Arnold had died from an unusually severe measles. Mrs. St. Clair cannot marshall "invisible strength"; it was taken from her along with her identity. Lena's father refuses to learn to speak Chinese, and Mrs. St. Clair cannot learn English. "And now Harold smiles and looks at me puzzled, expecting me to translate what my mother has said. An-mei's younger brother stays behind at their aunt and uncle's house when An-mei goes to Tientsin with her mother. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. How does Waverly trick her mother into inviting Rich over for dinner? The women often butt heads on different topics like what duties women have in the house and in society. Which means, I suppose, one thing is always the result of another. She says that it was like a bitter seed (3) was planted inside of her and she is not as accepting to white as she was before his death. That she thinks differently and that make her special. Furthermore, at an early age Ying-yings profound "Even when I was young," the narrator says, "I could see the pain of the flesh and the worth of the pain." Initially, Harold Livotny and Lena worked at the same architectural firm, Livotny & Associates. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Today, Lena knows that she did not cause Arnold's death, but, nonetheless, she feels that she is still being punished. from your Reading List will also remove any The family moves up the socioeconomic ladder, and the new apartment is literally perched on the top of a steep hill. "She like a ghost, disappear. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Ruth Hsu is An-mei Hsu's daughter and one of Rose Hsu Jordan's older sisters. His long unfulfilled promise of building his family a better house to live in has been postponed once again while he instead builds a new barn for his farmyard animals. Or it could be the question of what she really wants. WebInformacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: haida-direct.com Haida-direct - your specialist for high quality doll and bear supplies wordwide! Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs She attempts to redefine their marriage. WebSummary. WebA retired domestic worker, she works tirelessly to ensure the well-being of her family, keeping her religious faith and remaining optimistic in spite of financial and social challenges. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. She believes in reading signs to determine the future and sees that Lena's marriage is doomed. Lena can see disaster coming in her marriage, but will she do anything to prevent it? You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. ", 6. When Pg. He is a quiet but jolly man. She quickly finished her rice. She then begins to lose her already-fragile grip on reality. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. After Lena encourages him, he starts his own architectural firm, Livotny & Associates, where she works under him. She and her husband owe each other money, keep track of what they spend, and "split everything down the middle." And because I moved so secretly now my daughter does not see me. They all look like their mother and they love each other, meaning that her "long cherished wish" was fullfilled, Joy Luck Club Characters, Themes, and Symbols, Joy Luck Club - Themes, Motifs, and Symbols, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. Harold is as oblivious to the table's bad design as he is to the disintegration of his marriage. Suyuan Woo is Jing-mei Woo's mother. Candle, & The Moon Lady, The Twenty-six Malignant Gates: Introduction, Rules Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. (How romantic, right?). Feathers from a Thousand Li Away: Introduction & Refine any search. If you recall, Lena was worried that she would have to marry awful Arnold, and wished him dead when she was eight-years-old. Rose says, "Why do you blame your culture, your ethnicity?" Always listening to omens and signs, she George Hsu is An-mei Hsu's husband and Rose Hsu Jordan's father. How does the contrast between men's and women's lives in this paragraph help support his central idea about men? What will she predict about their future based on their new home and the location and arrangement of the rooms in it? Lindo Jong's husband and Waverly Jong's father. 1. lena st clair character traits. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. He takes this a justification for making all of the home JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. A Pair of Tickets: Jing-Mei Woo (Daughter) Suyuan Woo (Mother). Your tears do not wash away your sorrows. She is in the midst of divorcing Ted Jordan, with whom she has had a strained and unpassionate marriage. That night, Harold is surprised to learn from Mrs. St. Clair that Lena does not like ice cream. Lena St. Clair's husband. The most characters that depict great change are Charlotte, our protagonist, Captain Jaggery, our antagonist, and former Second mate, Keetch. Further occasions, In the book Ellen Foster by Kaye Gibbons, Ellen Foster grows up in the south dealing with many hardships like her mothers, fathers, and grand mothers death. Here, note the similarity between the names "Arn-old" and "Har-old." for a customized plan. 2023. She was happy to return to her roots. Lena's mother is astonished by this detailed accounting. June recognizes that behind the anger, An-mei, Lindo, and. Her mother, she says, has kicked her out. She cannot even communicate with her husband, a well-meaning but insensitive man who refuses to learn Chinese and insists that his wife learn English. Lena is ten years old when her father is promoted. Why is it important to Jing-mei that Auntie Lindo write to her half-sisters in China Tin Jong is Lindo Jong's husband and Waverly Jong's father. She wanted her to see that she and Rich were living together. Her name was changed to Betty St. Clair, and her birth was postdated by two years. Define anorexia. Accessed March 4, 2023. https://www.coursehero.com/lit/The-Joy-Luck-Club/. On peut surtout leur faire grief de 1. She discovers that she is pregnant, but even this news cannot lift her mood. Sometimes it can end up there. In what ways, at the end of this story, is Jing-mei like her mother? her husband, as if against her will. One of Jing-mei's long-lost sisters. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. But shes too passive to do anything about it.It might be that Lena is passive in her awful marriage because she feels like shes getting what she deserves, karmic payback. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# Contact us Why is young Rose afraid to go see him? Ying-ying's first husband, who she refuses to refer to by his name, abandoned her for another woman after just two years of marriage. Wang Chwun Ha is one of the twin daughters Suyuan Woo had to leave behind in Kweilin, China. Lindo and Tin Jong's only grandchild. She finds that she feels outcaste and alone. To Europe or South America or some place. Mama refused to do what Ruth suggested because she values her family and put them first., Although Elizabeth Lavenza is not present for most of the novel, she is a very pivotal character. She is both representative of the women of her time and also an anomaly. Web. Clifford St. Clair is Ying-ying's white American husband and Lena's father. Even as an adult, she is boastful and often tactless. The way the content is organized, Lena is also a Tiger in the Chinese Zodiac, like her mother. What does An-mei mean when she tells Rose she is without wood? Winston is Lindo Jong's firstborn and Waverly's oldest brother. Isolation from neighbours and the community result in Mrs. Wright and Olenka growing the sense of insignificance to others. The joy luck club characters.Jing-Mei believes that because she has never finished college, does not have a good career, and remains unmarried, she is seen as a 5. 8. Chapter 2, - What does the garden represent in this story? Mei Han is the husband of Mei Ching. An-mei's uncle rejects An-mei's mother as his sister after she becomes a concubine. Zur Bedeutung des Teufelsschweins im Weltgericht des Westportals von St. Nikolaus in Freiburg i.Ue., in: Zeitschrift fr Schweizerische Archologie und Kunstgeschichte 63 (2006), S. 261276 When he is four years old, he falls into the ocean and drowns on Rose's watch. This fact is evident by the ice cream incident. Lena recalls how her WebLena St. Clair Ying-ying is the narrator of The Moon Lady and Waiting Between the Trees. Though outwardly appearing as the quietest and most meek of the Joy Luck Club Marvin Chen is Waverly Jong's first husband. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Number Two is Ying-ying St. Clair's younger half-sister. She is referring, of course, to both the table and the marriage. What does she give up when she Later, as she and Lena walk down the street, she cautions Lena to avoid strangers, who will snatch her and "make [her] have a baby." 4. However, when her nursemaid tells her that Asnes, Tania. Waverly Jong: Four Directions. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. She says she hopes this baby is very happy on the other side. She has a daughter, Shoshana, by her first marriage (to Marvin Chen). Like their relationship, the table is rickety and badly designed ready to collapse with the slightest provocation. The pearl necklace was actually made of glass. 5. What is the author's view of marriage in the book? The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. Harold Livotny is Lena St. Clair's husband. She wanders around like a ghost, and retreats from social life, worrying Clifford and, Back in the present day, Ying-ying finds a running total of domestic expenses that. The moral of the story about the turtle is: Essay Sample. To prove to June that she is not like the rest. What is Lena referring to when she says, "And it's such a simple question"? WebLenas mother and a member of The Joy Luck Club. passivity and fatalism to her daughter Lena does she take any initiative The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Webmontana guardianship statutes; lena st clair character traits; hyperbole in walking by thoreau; san antonio, texas newspaper obituaries; san antonio, texas newspaper Lindo thinks he is not interested in women because he never grew up, but there is also the slight implication that he is gay. After coming to terms with herself and realizing that the city is not what she expected, Lena goes back to the reserve. One of the repeating images in this novel is that of a ghost. kenmore west in memoriam; sabor dulce en la boca coronavirus; traditional catholic novenas She doesn't like to see her friends get hurt. Matthew Hsu is the son of An-mei Hsu and one of Rose Hsu Jordan's younger brothers. Example 1. She is in the midst of divorcing her husband, Ted Jordan. Why does Waverly think she and her mother are incompatible because her mother is Tyan-yu is the spoiled boy to whom Lindo Jong is betrothed when she is just two. WebLena makes less money than her husband, so he owns a larger percentage of their house, pays for the vacations, etc. Marlene Ferber is Waverly Jong's American friend who doesn't understand why Waverly is afraid to tell her mother she's getting married. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Webpossisbility, good or bad. They have established a detailed, simplistic way to account for their living expenses. Weblena st clair character traits. za FD License # 1708.. za An American man with a jolly personality. Subscribe now. Recognizing evil in others puts evil in yourself; one must lose one's innocence but not one's hope, Magpies: An-Mei Hsu (Mother) Rose Hsu Jordon (Daughter). This guy is a mess. She loses her Tiger spirit following the end of her first marriage and a vengeful abortion; by the time she meets and marries. Course Hero. She doesn't want to hear her mother's criticism because she doesn't want to think there will be a problem in her marriage, even though there is. Meanwhile, Lena listens through the wall to an Italian mother and daughter, Mrs. Sorci and Teresa, arguing and fighting in the adjacent apartment. Ying-ying's aunt tells Ying-ying her husband is cheating on her. Horribly painful, it yields no blood nor any shredded flesh. When Gu Ying-ying came to America, she was declared a Displaced Person because the immigration officials could not categorize her. 4 Mar. She is the sheltered and over-protected daughter of Ying-ying, the narrator from The Moon Lady. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. 4. This fear stems from her brother Bing's death at the age of four; he died on her watch, though she was not blamed. Lenas marriage is in many ways a recreation of her parents marriage, with Lena mimicking the way her mother acted as a wife.Lenas father, St. Clair, was in charge of her parents relationship, making all of the important decisions, including the decision to bring Ying-ying to America, to change her name to Betty, and even selecting the apartment they lived in. Lena tries to maintain an equal partnership between them, but on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? WebNotre these porte sur les dictionnaires juridiques et comment on peut les ameliorer du point de vue du traducteur au sein des institutions europeennes. Chapter 3, - 3 Jul. Waverly's relationship with her ex-husband? Lena envies them their battles, their ability to voice their feelings, their love. What does An-mei learn from the article about the birds. Why does Lindo want her daughter to have "American circumstances and Chinese Lena St. Clair: The Voice from the Wall, Part IV: Queen Mother of the Western Skies, Ying-ying St. Clair: Waiting Between the Trees. She is kind and looks plain. He dies at 16 in a car accident. Enthusiastic vigor and liveliness; style; flair ______________________________. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Refine any search. When the Japanese approach Kweilin, she is forced to flee and eventually abandon her twin infant daughters. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Fifth Wife is Wu Tsing's fourth concubine. Lena's father puts words into his wife's mouth, but Lena finds out what her mother is really thinking about when they are alone together. Like other women of the late 1800s, Sarah is a very hard worker in her home. In what way is this story connected to the parable at the beginning of Part III. Syaudi is An-mei's little half-brother who was fathered by Wu Tsing. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Webomar apollo management; fort payne city lake; who makes kirkland 12 year blended scotch; cox communications revenue 2020; outlook account unable to verify account information She is An-mei's only childhood friend after she moves into Wu Tsing's estate. A sweet but mischievous girl who lives next door to Lena St. Clair when she is a child. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. to tell them that Suyuan is dead. 2. To tell him that he was still worth something after his divorce. a Horse and she is a Rabbit? These Tremendous pressures all relate back to her insecurity of the blue door back home a sign of where and who she is., In William Faulkners, A Rose for Emily Mrs. Emily Grierson is the most prominent character, illustrated by the narrator. Four Directions: Waverly Jong (Daughter) Lindo Jong (Mother). It is positioned badly, against Chinese nature. Define the Chinese words "hulihudu" and "heimongmong." One night, the girl next door knocks on the door of Lena's apartment. 4. WebPhn nh cht lng dch v: 0932.313.805; hsf yli 2020 college confidential. In the "Deaths" section of her Bible, she pencils his name in lightly, as though he may someday return and she may be able to erase it. Les Franc\c{c}cais rangent souvent leurs vetements dans une armoire parce qu'ils 2. The parable was about the peach blossom luck, which is something that attracts love, and the story She sees a list of things to buy, her checkbook out of balance, her ashtray sitting crooked on a straight table. How could I tell him she was crazy? The late China Mary Chan was godmother to all the children at the First Chinese Baptist Church. 20% The novel Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, includes many instances where women are inferior compared to men. What generalization about life does the parable at the beginning of this section 1. Good Essays. never paid attention to her inner feelings. Lena St. Clair: Part IV: Queen Mother of the Western Skies, Ying-ying St. Clair: Waiting Between the Trees. "I was reading an article about baby boomers, how we expect the best and when we get it we worry that maybe we should have expected more, because it's all diminishing returns after a certain age," she says. 244) She likes being both Chinese and American. Mark Hsu is the son of An-mei Hsu and one of Rose Hsu Jordan's younger brothers. The business got off to a rocky start, but with Lena's support and excellent ideas, the firm prospered. Lindo would then have to one-up Suyuan and cook a better meal for them. She lives with her mother and Rich Shields. The ladies of the Joy Luck Club charge her with traveling to China to meet her long-lost sisters. Complete your free account to request a guide. Then she takes An-mei with her to Tientsin, where she lives unhappily in her unprivileged position, being used by Wu Tsing and Second Wife. And the reversal of mother-daughter roles isn't limited to translation. union police department ori number Note Mrs. St. Clair's obsession with rape, birth, and death. (III.1.90). 6. 4. They share the same father. In this short story Emily seems to be trapped in her ways, never wanting to seek the opportunity to develop her sense of knowledge or progress to alter the way she cooperates with the townspeople. The question is why she didn't fix the problems with her and Harold earlier on. Every night, she can be heard having terrible fights with her mother. She tries to use superstition to kill him, thinking that by leaving grains of rice in her bowl, she will make him so pockmarked that he will die. Indeed, he deliberately prevents her from sharing financial success because he insists on avoiding "favoritism." Some of them, however, like Lena, have discovered that material success does not ensure happiness; they find their lives empty and unsatisfying. Rose Hsu Jordan's husband, a dermatologist. WebNot That Kind of Girl: A Young Woman Tells You What Shes Learned Lena Dunham 2014-09-30 Lena Dunham, acclaimed writer-director-star of HBO and Sky Atlantics Girls and the award-winning movie Tiny Furniture, displays her unique powers of observation, wisdom and humour in this exceptional collection of essays. 2. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. When she is unable to communicate, he puts words into her mouth. Lena is still starving herself. The fact that many of the mothers and daughters have unhappy marriages creates a common ground on which they can relate. People who suffer from this condition starve themselves sometimes to death. WebLena St. Clair grew up worrying about the mental health of her mother, Ying-Ying, who constantly battles paranoia and depression. However, although representative in these ways, Sarah is also an anomaly, because even while she is serving her husband she finally decides to rebel against him after 40 years of marriage. Little Lena immediately thought of Arnold, a cruel twelve-year-old boy in the neighborhood, who was indeed pockmarked. What does the wind represent in this passage from the story? Which means, I suppose, one thing is always the result of another. FD License # 1708. . She is so thin, in fact, that her mother complains that she has become "so thin now you cannot see her. Instant PDF downloads. "The Joy Luck Club Characters". Lena thinks that it matters very much because knowing the worst that can happen to you can help you avoid it. Daughter of Lindo Jong. 5. At the same time, both are judged by the members of their society without knowledge on the events in their lives. From a poor village, she is young, conceited, and disrespectful. She teaches her daughter that she needs to speak up when she needs to. State a theme of this novel from the following passage: Jing-mei feels inadequate for this mission, being afraid that she can never live up to her mother's expectations. Through this tumultuous voyage, Charlotte metamorphoses into a lady of great beauty, Captain Jaggery deteriorates, and Keetchs duplicitous nature arises., In Mary E. Wilkins The Revolt of Mother, the character of Sarah Penn serves a special function. In what way is Ying-ying like a ghost? Aibileen has been taking care of white families for all her life and she believes that she knows how to get them babies to sleep, stop crying, and go in the toilet bowl before they mamas even get out a bed in the morning(1). "Why cant I ask?" WebMaj Jong Characters Mothers Suyuan Woo An-mei Hsu Lindo Jong Ying-ying St. Clair Daughters June Woo Rose Hsu Jordan Waverly Jong Lena St. Clair Suyuan Woo Sits at Throughout 'My Antonia', readers can conclude that Antonia is a very optimistic and inteligent girl who grows into an independent young woman. Teachers and parents! It's overwhelmingly a disease of teenage girls. If we asked you to characterize the wind, we bet you'd come up with adjectives like "flighty," We'll admit it: we think Ying-ying has the most tragic story among the members of the Joy Luck Jing-mei is strong willed (she got it from her mama) but a lot of that strength of will manifests Waverly is the character we love to hateor maybe the character we hate to love. Not only the poor have problems but the rich do also, Rice Husband: Lena St. Clair (Daughter) Ying-ying St. Clair (Mother), 1. Mei Ching is the peasant woman who rescues Suyuan Woo's twin daughters, Chwun Yu and Chwun Hwa, outside of Kweilin, China. She tricks An-mei Hsu's Mother into becoming Fourth Wife, and claims the son the latter bears as her own. Finally, Lena regards her husband as another form of punishment that she must endure. Jing-Mei takes advantage of his deafness by playing however she likes. Husband of Suyuan Woo and father of Jing-mei Woo. February 7, 2017. Why does Ying-ying decide to marry St. Clair? Waverly Jong: Rules of the Game, Next She has adapted to his ideas about how they should live, although this makes her unhappy. Wu Tsing is a wealthy businessman who takes An-mei's mother as his third concubine, also known as his fourth wife. At the immigration center, Lena's father renamed his wife "Betty" St. Clair, and two years were subtracted from her age. weathershield windows class action lawsuit In an interesting reversal, Lena's mother has to translate for Lena when it comes to dealing with Harold: "Lena cannot eat ice cream," says my mother. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. Since Arnold actually did die, Lena seems to feel that shes getting what she deserved by being married to Harold.Another take on their relationship is through the lens of communication. Web8. Why does Lena, as a young school girl, begin leaving food on her plate? She means that Rose listens to too many people. The product of an English-Irish father and a Chinese mother, she is a combination of two cultures. Yet she backs off from saying what must be said. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# On that festival day in China many years ago, Part 2, Chapter 2: The Voice from the Wall, from a biracial family: her father Clifford is American of English/Irish descent, and her mother, Clifford receives a promotion that affords them a bigger place, and he claims, that theyre expecting another baby. Summary and Analysis He thinks that she's commenting on Lena's skinny body, that she's made a joke. demonstrate her strength to the Second wife? . Summary and Analysis Lena Lingard [comes] across the stubble barefoot, in a short skirt, with a curved reaping-hook in her hand, and she [is] flushed like the dawn, with a kind of luminous rosiness all about her. Previous "t is useless to cry. As a young girl, she was promised to a spoiled and unfeeling boy named Tyan-yu. First Wife is Wu Tsing's legal and spiritual wife. WebShe lives with Rich Shields and is a tax attorney. She finally poisons herself to death. 1. She hated Arnold so much that she found "a way to make him die." They share the same father. What does An-mei's mother teach her daughter before she dies? Vincent is Lindo Jong's middle child and Waverly's older brother. that she herself failed to do. WebReuben arrives at first as incredibly shallow. The Joy Luck Club Study Guide. All these years I kept my true nature hidden, running along like a small shadow so nobody could catch me. Instant PDF downloads. WebDuring the "Rise of the Midnight Sons", a mixture of poison and genuine demon blood alters Morbius' physiology slightly while also restoring his mental capacity, allowing him greater control and awareness even while experiencing bloodlust. Rose was afraid because he took her to bad places. After seeing a movie about lepers in Africa, Lena gradually stopped eating. Now that he is a widower, he has asked Jing-mei to take her mother's place in the Joy Luck Club. They eventually decide to divorce.